Numerical solution of the momentum and heat transfer equations for a hydromagnetic flow due to a stretching sheet of a non-uniform property micropolar liquid

A study of the hydromagnetic flow due to a stretching sheet and heat transfer in an incompressible micropolar liquid is made. Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and a non-uniform heat source/sink render the problem analytically intractable and hence a numerical study is made using the shooting method based on Runge-Kutta and Newton-Raphson methods. The two problems of horizontal and vertical stretching are considered to implement the numerical method. The former problem involves one-way coupling between linear momentum and heat transport equations and the latter involves two-way coupling. Further, both the problems involve two-way coupling between the non-linear equations of conservation of linear and angular momentums. A similarity transformation arrived at for the problem using the Lie group method facilitates the reduction of coupled, non-linear partial differential equations into coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations. The algorithm for solving the resulting coupled, two-point, non-linear boundary value problem is presented in great detail in the paper. Extensive computation on velocity and temperature profiles is presented for a wide range of values of the parameters, for prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF) boundary conditions.     

利用偏置磁极周期会切磁铁产生边聚焦场

 利用理论分析和数值计算的方法,研究了偏置磁极周期会切磁铁产生的、可用于带状电子束宽边聚焦的边聚焦场。结果表明:增加偏置长度,减小电子束通道宽度,增大磁极轴向长度可以在基本不改变边聚焦场在x方向上分布特性的前提下提高幅值;增大电子束通道的高度,增大磁极厚度均可以减小边聚焦场在x方向上分布曲线的曲率,但同时其幅值也会降低,该降低可利用前述方法予以补偿。在对带状电子束宽边聚焦进行束匹配时,可以先进行曲率匹配,再进行幅值匹配。在进行参数选择时,应合理选择束通道高度和磁极厚度的取值,以避免束通道内的边聚焦场在x方向上的分布出现曲率反向。     

惰性盐辅助合成介孔石墨化碳片及其电容性能

以惰性盐KCl为模板、硝酸镍为金属催化剂镍源、葡萄糖为碳源,通过碳化处理制备了介孔石墨化碳片。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面测试仪对介孔石墨化碳片进行了表征。探讨了碳片形成的机理,采用三电极测试体系研究了介孔石墨化碳片电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,10 g KCl制备的碳片比表面积最大(989 m2·g-1),在6 mol·L-1KOH电解液中,当电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时,比电容达到180 F·g-1;当电流密度达到10 A·g-1时,比电容维持在148 F·g-1,显示了电极具有较好的倍率性能;在10 A·g-1条件下,2 000次循环充放电测试后电容没有发生衰减,展示了在超级电容器方面的应用潜力。     

石墨双层在外力作用下的变形特性

利用原子力显微镜的探针将石墨的双原子厚片层进行撕裂操作,发现石墨片层只沿特定的方向撕裂和折叠;进一步还发现被撕开的片层在探针的作用力下有可能被压缩或拉伸,被压缩的片层会恢复到原来的形状,但被拉伸的片层却不能恢复到原来的形状.     

侧槽的拘束作用及对断裂韧性参量的影响

本文研究了侧槽对预制疲劳裂纹Ｃｈａｒｐｙ尺寸试样的拘束效应以及其对断裂韧性参量的影响。当侧槽深度大于临界值时，峰值载荷韧性Ｊｍ值与起裂韧性Ｊ１值基本相等。侧槽对试样的加厚作用可用试样的附加厚度表示，对于同样的侧槽深度，不同材料具有不等的附加厚度，试样取得最大附加厚度的侧槽深度为３３％。文中提出用拘束系数定量地估计侧槽对裂纹尖端的塑性拘束作用，能较好地解解放本试验结果。     

宽板塑性弯曲成形过程中的板厚变化规律

根据宽板弯曲过程中的变形与应力分布特征，提出了一种计算弯曲过程中板料厚度随弯曲程度变化的新的近似解答方法．该方法基于塑性增量理论，应用塑性成形过程的体积不变假设和弯曲过程的平面假设．作为算例，得到了理想刚塑性材料的板料厚度、变薄系数以及应变中性层内移系数随板料弯曲内表面曲率半径变化的规律，并与实验数据进行了比较，两吻合良好．     

板材冲压成形有限元数值模拟界面摩擦约束处理方法

基于弹塑性大变形板材冲压成形增量有限元法,采用线性弹簧单元提出一种空间三维板材冲压成形等效界面摩擦力的处理方法.这种方法的优点是可以反映界面摩擦力的同步、被动产生效果,同时它还可以保证约束后刚度矩阵的对称性.将提出的摩擦约束处理算法引入自主开发的板材成形模拟软件FASTAMP,计算了汽车油底壳的成形过程,计算结果的厚度分布与实际冲压件吻合比较好,验证了等效界面摩擦力约束处理方法的有效性.     

石墨烯/硫酸铅复合材料的制备及其在铅酸电池中的电化学性能

利用简单的浸渍法制备了石墨烯/硫酸铅复合材料,使得硫酸铅可以直接用作铅酸电池负极材料。该复合材料分别以100 mA·g^-1、200 mA·g^-1和300 mA·g^-1电流密度放电时,平均放电比容量分别可达到110、94和69 mAh·g^-1,而硫酸铅仅为49、5和0.5 mAh·g^-1,显示出复合材料在高倍率充放电下更好的比容量和再接受充电能力。循环伏安测试表明石墨烯的电容效应随扫描速率增大而增强,同时析氢也变得严重,使得复合材料在充放电过程中充电效率比纯硫酸铅低20%。在充放电过程中,石墨烯能够提高硫酸铅1倍以上的放电容量,并将充电电压提高0.1 V。XRD和SEM结果显示硫酸铅均匀分布在石墨烯片层上,没有出现团聚现象。     

Unsteady shrinking sheet with mass transfer in a rotating fluid

In this paper, the problem of unsteady flow induced by a shrinking sheet with mass transfer in a rotating fluid is studied. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite‐difference scheme known as the Keller‐box method. The influence of rotation, unsteadiness and mass suction parameters on the reduced skin friction coefficients f″(0) and g′(0), as well as the lateral velocity and velocity profiles are presented and discussed in detail. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of impinging plate geometry on the self-excitation of subsonic impinging jets

In the generation of discrete tones by subsonic impinging jets, there exists a difference of opinion as how the feedback is achieved, i.e., the path of the feedback acoustic waves is whether inside the jet or outside the jet? The only available model (Tam and Ahuja model) for the prediction of an average subsonic jet impingement tone frequency assumes that the upstream part of the feedback loop is closed by an upstream propagating neutral wave of the jet. But, there is no information about the plate geometry in the model. The present study aims at understanding the effect of the plate geometry (size and co-axial hole in the plate) on the self-excitation process of subsonic impinging jets and the path of the acoustic feedback to the nozzle exit. The present results show that there is no effect of plate diameter on the frequency of the self-excitation. A new type of tones is generated for plates with co-axial hole (hole diameter is equal to nozzle exit diameter) for Mach numbers 0.9 and 0.95, in addition to the axisymmetric and helical mode tones observed for plates without co-axial hole. The stability results show that the Strouhal number of the least dispersive upstream propagating neutral waves match with the average Strouhal number of the new tones observed in the present experiments. The present study extends the validity of the model of Tam and Ahuja to a plate with co-axial hole (annular plate) and by doing so, we indirectly confirmed that the major acoustic feedback path to the nozzle exit is inside the jet.